Bar chart:
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The given bar chart illustrates the comparison of [main subject] across [places/categories/time periods].
Overall, it is evident that [highest trend or group] recorded the highest figures, while [lowest group] showed the least. Additionally, there was a noticeable [similarity/difference/trend].
To begin with, [category/group A] accounted for the highest [X], reaching nearly [figure], whereas [category B] followed closely. In contrast, [another group] saw relatively lower figures.
Moving on to the other categories, [category/group C] showed [steady/moderate/minor] numbers, while [category D] exhibited a slight [increase/drop].
Example:
The given bar chart illustrates the comparison of the percentage of people in three age groups who attended live sports events in one country in the years 2005, 2010, and 2015.
Overall, it is evident that the youngest age group (18–29) consistently recorded the highest figures, while individuals aged 50 and above showed the least participation throughout the years. Additionally, there was a noticeable increase in attendance across all age groups over the given period.
To begin with, in 2005, those aged 18–29 accounted for the highest viewership, reaching nearly 50%, whereas the 30–49 age group followed closely at around 35%. In contrast, people over 50 saw relatively lower figures, with only 20% attending live events.
Moving on to the other categories, the figures for all groups showed a steady rise over time. By 2015, the youngest category had peaked at approximately 80%, while the middle-aged group reached 65%. Meanwhile, the oldest group exhibited a moderate increase, rising to just over 40%.
Pie chart:
The given pie chart(s) illustrate(s) the proportion/percentage distribution of [main subject] across different [categories/groups] in [year/place/time period].
Overall, it is clear that [the largest category] accounted for the most significant portion in both years, while [the smallest] contributed the least.
To begin with, in [first year or chart], [category] accounted for the highest proportion at approximately [X%], followed by [second category] at [Y%]. Meanwhile, [smallest category] represented only [Z%], which was significantly lower. Other categories, such as [list names], shared relatively similar percentages.
By [second year], there were some remarkable changes. [Category] experienced a significant rise to [X%], becoming the second-largest. In contrast, [another category] dropped noticeably to just [Y%]. Some areas, like [category], remained relatively stable over the period.
Example:
The given pie chart illustrates the percentage distribution of the causes behind poor school attendance in the UK according to a recent survey.
Overall, it is clear that both parents working accounted for the most significant portion, while upbringing contributed the least.
To begin with, both parents working accounted for the highest proportion at approximately 40%, followed by lack of school discipline at 25%. Meanwhile, upbringing represented only 5%, which was significantly lower. Other categories, such as peer group pressure and bullying, shared relatively similar percentages of 15% each.
By the end of the survey, there were some remarkable changes. (No second year is shown in this case, so this line would be omitted in real usage.) Some areas, like peer pressure and bullying, remained relatively stable over the period.
Table chart:
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The given table displays/compares [what the data is about] across [years/countries/categories].
Overall, [main trend or standout feature] can be observed, with [category/group] having the highest figures throughout. In contrast, [another category] consistently recorded the lowest.
In [starting year], [category A] recorded the highest figure, at around [number], followed by [category B] with [number]. Meanwhile, [category C] had a significantly lower number. By [next year], most of these categories had seen [moderate/sharp/slight] changes, with [mention any noticeable growth/drop].
The remaining categories showed [mention trend: gradual growth/fluctuations/stability]. For instance, [category D] rose from [X] to [Y], whereas [category E] remained relatively unchanged. By the final year, [conclude with a comparison or final trend observation].
Example:
The given table displays social and economic indicators across four countries in 1994, namely Canada, Japan, Peru, and Zaire.
Overall, Japan can be observed to have the highest figures throughout most categories, particularly in income and life expectancy. In contrast, Zaire consistently recorded the lowest across all indicators.
In 1994, Japan recorded the highest annual income per person, at around $15,760, followed by Canada with $11,100. Meanwhile, Peru and Zaire had significantly lower numbers at $160 and $130 respectively. In terms of life expectancy, Japan again led with 78 years, while Zaire had the lowest at just 47.
The remaining categories showed slight fluctuations. For instance, Canada had the highest daily calorie supply at 3,326, whereas Zaire had the lowest at 1,749. Adult literacy rates were highest in both Japan and Canada, standing equally at 99%, whereas Zaire’s literacy rate remained relatively low at only 34%.
By the final comparison, it was clear that developed nations like Japan and Canada had far better living conditions, while developing countries such as Peru and Zaire lagged significantly in all key indicators.
Line chart:
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The given line graph illustrates/shows how [main subject] changed over [time period], comparing [groups/countries/categories].
Overall, it is evident that [main trend] occurred in most categories, with [group A] showing the most significant rise/fall. In contrast, [group B] experienced relatively minor changes over the period.
At the beginning of the period, [group A] started at around [figure] and saw a [steady/sharp/gradual] surge to [figure] by [year]. Similarly, [group B] experienced a [moderate rise/decline], moving from [X] to [Y]. In contrast, [group C] remained relatively unchanged.
In the later years, [group A] continued to grow/reverse/stabilize, reaching a peak of [X] in [year]. However, [group B] declined slightly, ending at [Y]. By the end of the period, [compare two or more groups], highlighting any major differences.
Example:
The given line graph illustrates how the average monthly temperatures changed over a year, comparing three cities: Tokyo, New York, and London.
Overall, it is evident that Tokyo experienced the most dramatic fluctuations in temperature, with a sharp rise and fall throughout the year. In contrast, London experienced relatively minor changes over the period.
At the beginning of the period, New York started at around 2°C in January and saw a steady surge to approximately 29°C by July. Similarly, Tokyo experienced a gradual increase, moving from about 5°C to a peak of 30°C. In contrast, London remained relatively unchanged, rising moderately from 4°C to just 20°C.
In the later months, both Tokyo and New York witnessed a sharp decline in temperature, with New York dropping to nearly 5°C and Tokyo to around 7°C by December. However, London’s temperature declined slightly, ending at approximately 8°C. By the end of the period, Tokyo and New York displayed more extreme seasonal variations, whereas London maintained a much milder and more consistent temperature throughout the year.
Map :
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Overall, the area experienced significant [urban development/modernisation], with the construction of several [facilities/residential zones] and removal of certain [natural features/old buildings].
One of the most striking changes was the transformation of [X], which was originally a [green area/field/etc.], into [housing/shopping centre/road]. Similarly, the [old facility] located in the [direction] was replaced by [new feature]. Additionally, [feature A], which used to be [description/location], was demolished/moved/converted, making space for [new feature].
In addition to these changes, a new [facility] was constructed next to/adjacent to the [existing feature], enhancing [transport/recreational access]. Meanwhile, [another feature] remained largely unchanged. Moreover, the [location], which was previously unused, saw the introduction of [a new structure] by [year].
Example:
The two maps illustrate how Beechwood Farm has changed between 1950 and the present day in terms of infrastructure and land use.
Overall, the area experienced significant modernisation, with the construction of several commercial and leisure facilities and the removal of traditional farming elements like open sheep grazing land.
One of the most striking changes was the transformation of the large sheep-grazing area in the north-east, which was originally open land, into a camping field and an array of solar panels. Similarly, the track that surrounded the farmhouse in the centre was replaced by a proper road network. Additionally, the barn, which used to be located beside the farmhouse, remained in place, while the area next to it was converted into holiday cottages.
In addition to these changes, a new farm shop was constructed adjacent to the fruit trees, and a parking area was added nearby, enhancing both commercial activity and visitor access. Meanwhile, the fruit trees, soft fruits, vegetables, and the chicken enclosure remained largely unchanged. Moreover, the north-east corner, which was previously open land, saw the introduction of solar panels and extra parking by today.
Process:
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The given diagram illustrates how [something] is produced / how [something] works / the stages involved in [a process].
Overall, the procedure consists of [X] main stages, beginning with [starting point] and ending with [final result/product].
The system begins when [first action]. Following this, [next step] is carried out, in which [material/ingredient] is [processed/heated/mixed]. After that, the product is [transferred/sent/extracted] to the [next stage or equipment]. In the subsequent step, [describe result or transformation].
Next, the mixture is [treated/sorted/processed] in order to [achieve purpose]. It is then [dried/cooled/packaged] and moved to [location]. Finally, the end product is [stored/distributed/used] for [final use/purpose].
Example:
The given diagram illustrates how liquid chocolate is produced from cocoa beans through a series of carefully sequenced steps.
Overall, the procedure consists of ten main stages, beginning with the harvesting of ripe cocoa pods and ending with the production of liquid chocolate.
The system begins when cocoa pods are harvested from cacao trees grown in regions like South America, Africa, and Indonesia. Following this, the white cocoa beans are extracted from the pods, in which the beans are then fermented using banana leaves. After that, the product is spread out in the sun to dry thoroughly. In the subsequent step, the dried beans are put into large sacks.
Next, the mixture is transported by train or lorry to a factory in order to begin industrial processing. It is then roasted at a high temperature before being crushed and having the outer shell removed. Finally, the inner part of the beans is pressed, and the end product is liquid chocolate, ready for further use in chocolate production or packaging.
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